Health Care
The Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing provides health coverage to low-income families and disabled Coloradans through programs such as Medicaid. The total FY 2011-12 budget is $5 billion, $1.67 billion of which is General Fund. State expenditures receive a federal match, and during FY 2010-11 when caseloads were higher the federal government provided an additional $363.6 million in stimulus funds. These extra dollars are not available in FY 2011-12.
In FY11-12 it is anticipated that 654,992 Coloradoans will receive healthcare services through the Medicaid and Children's Basic Health Plan (CBHP) programs. This represents a caseload increase of 40% since FY07-08 when the economic recession began.
Recent policy changes: The Colorado Health Care Affordability Act of 2009 enacted a fee on hospitals to pay for an increase over the next three years in the number of low-income and disabled Coloradans on public programs. The fee is matched dollar to dollar by the federal government. When federal reform is fully implemented in 2014, the federal government will pay 90-100% of the cost.
|
What changes would you make to Health Care spending?
Roll back recent expansions of medical coverage to low-income parents.
As of May 2010, the Colorado Health Care Affordability Act has expanded healthcare coverage for parents from 60% to 100% of the Federal Poverty Level (from $13,230 to $22,050 annually for a family of four). By rolling back medical coverage for these parents, $36.5 million could be used to finance traditional public program populations resulting in a General Fund savings. Note: This would require specific legislative changes.
Budgetary Effect: ($36,500,000.00)
| 19.08% |
Cut physician and hospital reimbursements by another 3%.
This option would reduce payments to providers who see Medicaid and CHP+ patients. Since the economic downturn payments have been reduced 5.5%. Currently doctors and hospitals who take publicly insured patients are paid well below private insurance rates and sometimes even below cost. Further cuts in reimbursement rates would likely result in fewer providers willing to see public patients, as well as potential lawsuits. This would result in $20,400,000 foregone in federal funding.
Budgetary Effect: ($20,400,000.00)
| 18.36% |
Status quo: Maintain FY 2011-12 spending levels on health care.
The FY 2011-12 budget ($1.67 billion in General Fund) includes coverage for 654,992 low income adults and children in Colorado at an annual cost of $4,797 for a Medicaid client.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 6.46% |
Restore cuts to provider reimbursement rates made by the Legislature in the FY 2011-12 budget.
This option would restore the 0.75% cut made to reimbursement payments to most medical providers for seeing publicly insured patients, and the 0.5% cut made to home and community-based long-term care waiver services in the FY 2011-12 budget by the Legislature during the 2011 Legislative Session.
Budgetary Effect: $6,200,000.00
| 7.60% |
Restore cuts to Medicaid benefits made by the Legislatures in the FY 2011-12 budget.
This option would restore a series of smaller cuts made to Medicaid benefits, including reduction in coverage for adult oral health services, diabetes supplies, some acute home health services, some radiology services in outpatient settings, uncomplicated cesarian births, etc.
Budgetary Effect: $14,900,000.00
| 19.51% |
Cover more disabled adults on Medicaid.
Typically, the Medicaid program offers better, more comprehensive health coverage for disabled Coloradans than the private insurance market. Currently working disabled adults risk losing Medicaid if they earn more than $24,264 annually. As a result some work less or suppress their wages in order to avoid losing Medicaid. Starting in 2012, the Colorado Health Care Affordability Act will increase the income level at which disabled working adults are eligible for Medicaid to $48,735 annually on a sliding scale. This option would provide funding to cover this population immediately.
Budgetary Effect: $19,100,000.00
| 9.18% |
Implement immediately Medicaid expansions included in Federal Healthcare Reform.
With the passage of Federal Healthcare Reform (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010,) starting in 2014 all Coloradans making less than $14,404 annually (or $29,327 for a family of four) will be eligible for Medicaid. Selecting this option would make these federal expansions effective immediately. It assumes that the Colorado Health Care Affordability Act (which isn’t fully implemented in its entirety until 2012) is effective immediately as well. This would cover an additional 53,400 Coloradans. The cost would be shared by the State and Federal government until 2014 at which point the Federal government would cover at least 90% of the costs.
Budgetary Effect: $105,600,000.00
| 8.82% |
|
|
Higher Education
The Department of Higher Education is responsible for vocational and higher education in the state, serving 210,000 students from Colorado per year and operating 26 state campuses, two local district junior colleges, and four area vocational schools. The FY 2011-12 budget is $2.88 billion, 22% ($624 million) of which comes from the General Fund. Depending upon the institution, students and families pay for anywhere from 19% to 74% of schools’ operating budgets through tuition and fees.
There are two issues for you to consider: 1) general operating funds (e.g. teacher salaries, facility maintenance, program administration, etc.) and 2) how much financial aid is offered to students.
A key factor driving the budget is how much policymakers view paying for higher education as an individual versus public responsibility. During the last economic downturn (2002-04), higher education was disproportionately cut more than other areas of the budget because higher education is not protected by either state or federal mandates like K-12 education or health care. Colleges and universities made up the difference with tuition increases. During this current recession, the federal government provided the state with $621.9 million of Recovery Act money over a three year period to help avoid cuts, but this assistance ran out in 2011. Anticipating deep cuts in 2011, a 2010 law was passed authorizing campuses to raise tuition up to 9% annually.
|
What changes would you make to General Operating Fund spending?
Reduce state funding across the board for higher education by 20%.
Colorado ranks 48th in the nation in state support of public higher education. This option would cut current state support by 20%. This would mean significant impacts on student costs.
Budgetary Effect: ($124,800,000.00)
| 17.96% |
Privatize one of Colorado’s major university campuses AND close five rural community colleges.
Based on a hypothetical analysis by the Joint Budget Committee, $63.9 million would be saved by privatizing one of Colorado’s major university campuses and $12 million would be saved by closing five community colleges in rural Colorado. For a more in depth description of each, please see below.
Budgetary Effect: ($75,900,000.00)
| 8.01% |
Privatize one of Colorado’s major university campuses.
Based on a hypothetical analysis by the Joint Budget Committee, one of Colorado’s major university campuses receives $63.9 million from the State General Fund for operating support. This option will require the campus to privatize their operations. This would mean that tuition rates would increase 50% over a two year period to replace the lost state revenue (from $6,446 to $9,673 for a fulltime in-state student). This may lead to some students choosing to enroll in other schools with more affordable tuition rates.
Budgetary Effect: ($63,900,000.00)
| 19.51% |
Close five rural community colleges.
A Joint Budget Committee hypothetical analysis estimated the State would save $2.4 million if they closed one community college in rural Colorado. This option assumes that closing an additional four rural community colleges would save the same $2.4 million/school, resulting in a total savings of $12 million. Keep in mind that closing five rural community colleges with no nearby alternatives for students would have long term negative economic impacts on these regions (e.g. fewer college degrees, job loss, less tax revenue, etc).
Budgetary Effect: ($12,000,000.00)
| 4.91% |
Status Quo: Maintain FY 2011-12 spending levels on higher education.
The FY 2011-12 General Fund expense is $624 million or 22% of the overall budget.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 15.50% |
Restore higher education funding to FY 2007-08 levels of $747.7 million.
In FY 2007-08, public colleges and universities received $747.7 million General Fund. This represents the largest amount of General Fund support for higher education over the past four years. In order to provide FY 2007-08 levels of support, this option will require an additional $124 million from the State above and beyond the FY 2011-12 amount of $624 million.
Budgetary Effect: $124,000,000.00
| 15.12% |
Restore General Fund for higher education to FY 2007-08 levels AND fully fund Colorado’s Community Colleges.
In order to provide FY 2007-08 levels of support, this option will require an additional $124 million from the State above and beyond the FY 2011-12 amount of $624 million. Colorado’s Community College System includes 13 institutions and serves more than 117,000 students annually. According to a 2007 study, the system needs an additional $100 million in order to provide the same educational opportunities as other states. In 2008 Colorado voters passed Amendment 50, which diverts some revenue from gambling activities to community colleges. In FY 2011-12 it is estimated to generate $6.6 million, leaving $93.4 million for the state to pick up.
Budgetary Effect: $217,400,000.00
| 13.44% |
|
|
What changes would you make to Financial Aid spending?
Eliminate state financial aid awards to students completely.
This option would eliminate Colorado’s financial aid program entirely for all 62,000 Colorado students who have a demonstrated need. Federal financial aid as well as private loans and scholarships would still be available; however, since the State’s program focuses on students in the lowest income quartile, eliminating this program will reduce educational access to low-income Coloradans.
Budgetary Effect: ($103,600,000.00)
| 12.66% |
Reduce state financial aid by 25%.
This option would reduce the amount of money available from the state to provide financial aid awards and work study to students by 25%. It would be left up to the Department to decide whether to continue to fund on average 62,000 students but reduce their awards by 25%, or to fund fewer students.
Budgetary Effect: ($25,900,000.00)
| 20.54% |
Status Quo: Maintain FY 2011-12 funding levels for financial aid.
Continue to fund financial aid at $103.6 million.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 25.73% |
Increase financial aid to match tuition increases.
Historically, Colorado has provided average annual increases in funding for student aid programs between eight and nine percent. Given the 2010 law that gives universities and colleges the ability to raise tuition by nine percent, this option would increase the available monies for state financial aid by nine percent. Increasing financial aid relative to tuition increases may improve higher education access for Coloradans.
Budgetary Effect: $9,300,000.00
| 24.69% |
Increase financial aid by 25%.
Increase the amount of financial aid for higher education by 25%. This could be realized through an increase in the number of students given assistance by 15,500, or an increase in the per-student grant size, or a combination of both.
Budgetary Effect: $25,900,000.00
| 16.39% |
|
|
Human Services
The Department of Human Services provides support to Colorado’s disadvantaged residents, through programs like child care and child welfare services, senior services, youth corrections, services for the developmentally disabled, mental health, and drug/alcohol abuse services. The FY 2011-12 Human Services budget is $2 billion total funds, $615 million of which are General Funds. There are three major service areas for you to consider: 1) programs for the developmentally disabled, 2) mental health programs and services, and 3) child care and child welfare services. The major cost-drivers for these programs are related to case-load and costs per individual served.
|
What changes would you make to Developmental Disabilities spending?
Reduce services for the developmentally disabled by 25% and close the regional centers.
This option would reduce the number of individuals receiving services and increase the waiting list by 3,605 persons. Additionally, it would close 3 state operated facilities, called regional centers, in Grand Junction, Pueblo, and Wheat Ridge. These centers service approximately 300 individuals who are the most difficult cases and cannot be served in the community due to a combination of maladaptive behaviors and/or severe medical conditions. The closure of the three regional centers would eliminate 927 full time jobs.
Budgetary Effect: ($68,500,000.00)
| 15.88% |
Reduce community services for the developmentally disabled by 25%.
This option would reduce the number of individuals receiving services and increase the waiting list by 3,305 persons. The annual cost to serve the developmentally disabled ranges from $1,357 to $62,749 per individual based on the type and extent of an individual’s needs.
Budgetary Effect: ($41,700,000.00)
| 20.17% |
Status quo: Maintain current FY 2010-11 funding levels for individuals served in the developmental disability system, including the regional centers.
The FY 2010-11 budget includes funding for over 24,000 individuals and families at an average cost of $14,500 per individual served in the community. In comparison the regional center budget is based on an average annual cost of $210,239 per individual to serve approximately 300 individuals in FY 2010-11. The status quo is an estimate of what it would take to maintain the same level of services in FY 2011-12 as in FY 2010-11.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 31.08% |
Reduce the number of people on the waitlist by 25%.
There are currently 8,179 individuals and families on the waitlist in need of services now. This option would reduce the waitlist by 25% or 2,045 individuals, giving them access to services immediately.
Budgetary Effect: $17,400,000.00
| 16.16% |
Reduce the number of people on the waitlist by 50%.
There are currently 8,179 individuals and families on the waitlist in need of services now. This option would reduce the waitlist by 50% or 4,090 individuals, giving them access to services immediately.
Budgetary Effect: $34,800,000.00
| 16.71% |
|
|
What changes would you make to Mental Health spending?
Close the Mental Health Institutes at Fort Logan and Pueblo.
Closure of these two facilities would eliminate 568 beds available for inpatient hospitalizations of persons with serious mental health issues. Closure of the facilities would also result in the loss of 1,149 jobs. As a result it is likely that the Department of Corrections would see increased caseloads since studies show that 29% of individuals involved in the corrections system had moderate to severe mental health needs.
Budgetary Effect: ($63,900,000.00)
| 16.99% |
Eliminate Community Mental Health Programs.
This option would completely eliminate community based services for indigent mentally ill clients, affecting 10,000 individuals. Services that would be eliminated include inpatient, outpatient, emergency, consultative, medications, and educational programs.
Budgetary Effect: ($31,000,000.00)
| 11.97% |
Status quo: Maintain funding for mental health services provided in the community as well as at the Mental Health Institutes at FY 2011-12 levels.
The FY 2011-12 budget includes $106 million for community based mental health services and the Mental Health Institutes. This funding is projected to provide community services for 10,000 individuals in FY 2011-12 at an average cost of $3,100 per individual annually for community services.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 46.33% |
Increase community mental health services by 25%.
Choosing this option would increase funding for community mental health services by 25% providing services to an additional 2,500 individuals.
Budgetary Effect: $7,750,000.00
| 13.71% |
Increase community mental health services by 50%.
Choosing this option would increase funding for community mental health services by 50% providing services to an additional 5,000 individuals.
Budgetary Effect: $15,500,000.00
| 11.00% |
|
|
What changes would you make to Child Care and Child Welfare spending?
Reduce funding to counties for child welfare services by 10%.
Counties are responsible for ensuring children are protected from abuse and neglect, regardless of state funding levels. However, currently the State General Fund does allocate counties some funding to support these programs and services. This option would reduce this support by 10%.
Budgetary Effect: ($19,100,000.00)
| 22.25% |
Eliminate all General Fund subsidies for child care.
Of the 19,735 children who receive subsidies per month, this option would take away subsidies from over 7,000 children. It would reduce the ability of low-income parents to work and reduce their access to quality placements for their children.
Budgetary Effect: ($16,300,000.00)
| 18.65% |
Status quo: Maintain funding for child care and child welfare services at FY 2011-12 levels.
Currently the General Fund supplies $191 million to Child Welfare Services and $16 million to Child Care Services.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 59.10% |
|
|
Corrections
The Department of Corrections is responsible for managing the state’s prison system providing programming and services for inmates, and supervising/counseling inmates in community corrections programs and parolees. The FY 2011-12 Corrections budget is $720.4 million total funds, $635 million of which is General Funds, supervising an estimated 21,663 offenders in prisons, parolees, and inmates in community correction programs.
The average total cost to incarcerate one adult for one year in Colorado is $18,821. For the last 20 years, the Corrections budget has increased approximately 12% per year, which is largely due to the growing prison population (the 1980 population was 3,000.) Since 1985, the percentage of prisoners incarcerated for drug offenses has quadrupled and non-violent drug offenders now make up more than 20% of Colorado’s prison population.
Policy changes: The Ritter Administration (2007-2010) made it a priority to reduce the prison population by seeking funds for prevention, anti-recidivism and mental health/substance abuse treatment. As a result the budget has decreased by $33.5 million since FY 2008-09.
|
What changes would you make to Corrections spending?
Eliminate mental health, drug/alcohol rehabilitation, and education programs.
This option would eliminate programs that provide services to inmates for mental health, alcohol/drug rehabilitation and education. These programs are designed to assist inmates as well as provide education and trainings to enable inmates to rejoin society. Elimination of these programs would also result in the elimination of 347 fulltime jobs.
Budgetary Effect: ($27,300,000.00)
| 14.39% |
Eliminate the Community Corrections Supervision Program.
This option would eliminate the Community Corrections Supervision Program, saving $12.6 million in the General Fund. The program supervises transition inmates who are released to a community corrections facility.
Budgetary Effect: ($12,600,000.00)
| 21.02% |
Status quo: Fund current prison population and programs at FY 2011-12 levels.
The Corrections budget decreased by $23.9 million from FY 2010-11 to FY 2011-12. This was in part due to a decline in the inmate population. Additionally, last year Fort Lyon Correctional Facility in southeastern Colorado was decommissioned, moving 485 inmates to other facilities and eliminating 104 jobs. It saved $2.9 million in General Fund.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 15.94% |
Double the expenditures for mental health and drug abuse treatment and counseling.
Doubling funding for mental health and drug abuse treatment would also result in an additional 163 fulltime jobs to provide these services. Providing these services might result in a decrease in repeat offenders.
Budgetary Effect: $16,200,000.00
| 13.68% |
Open the final two towers at the Colorado State Penitentiary II, providing an additional 632 beds.
The FY 2010-11 budget provides $9.4 million in General Fund and 220 fulltime jobs to open one of the three towers at Colorado State Penitentiary II (CSP II). This will open an additional 316 beds at CSP II beginning in September of 2010. This additional funding would allow the department to open the remaining two towers.
Budgetary Effect: $18,800,000.00
| 10.58% |
|
|
Transportation
The Department of Transportation is responsible for maintaining the state highway system, working with local governments to develop public transportation systems, and increasing safety and preventing accidents. They manage over 150 highway construction projects statewide and handle over 28 billion miles of vehicle travel. The state transportation system includes 9,134 miles of highway and 3,406 bridges. The FY 2011-12 budget is $1.1 billion and does NOT include any General Fund support.
Maintenance and improvements to the transportation system are funded through a variety of taxes and fees including the gas tax and vehicle registration fees. A report written in 2007 for former Governor Ritter’s Blue Ribbon Transportation Commission stated $90 billion is needed through 2030 to maintain the current transportation system and an additional $73 billion is needed to expand and improve our transportation system. The Joint Budget Committee forecasts that based on current projected revenue, overall state road maintenance will be rated a D- by 2019.
Recent Policy Changes: In 2009, the legislature passed FASTER, which raised vehicle registration fees in order to pay for investments in transportation projects - $100 million to upgrade the 125 poor/deficient bridges and $150 million for roadway safety.
|
What changes would you make to Transportation spending?
Status Quo: Maintain FY 2011-12 funding at $1.1 billion (none of which includes General Fund.)
A majority (52%) of the State Highway System is now in poor condition, and under current funding levels deterioration will continue. It is forecasted that based on current projected revenue, overall state road maintenance will be rated a D- by 2019. Transportation does NOT receive any General Fund dollars.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 52.40% |
Halt the current rate of deterioration of the state highway system.
A majority (52%) of the State Highway System is now in poor condition, and under current funding levels deterioration will continue. In order to halt deterioration and maintain roads in their current state, it would require an additional $515 million in revenue. To improve conditions would cost even more. This option assumes that the money would come from the General Fund.
Budgetary Effect: $515,000,000.00
| 25.63% |
Improve bridge and pavement conditions to Transportation Commission goals.
The Transportation Commission has set a goal of improving bridge conditions to 95% good-fair and improving state road pavement conditions to 60% good-fair. This option assumes that the money would come from the General Fund.
Budgetary Effect: $761,000,000.00
| 12.13% |
Fully fund all state transportation needs.
In addition to what is described in options two and three, $1.0 billion would buy improvements to shoulders and additional funding for multi-modal transportation (offering commuters more than one form of transportation.)
Budgetary Effect: $1,000,000,000.00
| 9.84% |
|
|
Furlough State Employees
In both FY 2009-10 and 2010-11, the legislature balanced the budget by forcing some state employees to take unpaid leave. Each furlough day saves the state $2 million. Agencies that provide public safety and health remain open, but administrative offices, such as the DMV, are closed.
|
Would you like to utilize furlough days to help balance the state budget?
Furlough 15,500 state employees for 24 days.
This option would require an entire month of furlough days at $2 million per day.
Budgetary Effect: ($48,000,000.00)
| 31.77% |
Furlough 15,500 state employees for 12 days.
This option would require 12 furlough days at $2 million per day.
Budgetary Effect: ($24,000,000.00)
| 39.60% |
Status Quo: Do not furlough state employees.
This option has no fiscal impact to the State and State offices remain open.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 28.64% |
|
|
K-12 Education
K-12 education is primarily funded by a combination of state and local property taxes. The department of education develops academic standards and licenses teachers, but the vast majority of its funding goes directly to school districts. State spending on education is $4.3 billion in FY 2011-12, $2.8 billion of which is from the General Fund (representing the largest slice of the state budget).
Three policy areas within K-12 education are available on Backseat Budgeter: 1) amount of funding allocated on a per-pupil basis to Colorado districts, 2) funding for full-day kindergarten and preschool, and 3) whether teachers' should receive a pay increase when they attain a master’s degree.
K-12 education is also funded by local property taxes. Typically when local revenue decreases, the state backfills the lost funding. For FY11-12 the local share from property taxes has decreased by $142.5 million (or 7%) from the previous year, however this time the state was only able to partially backfill the local shortfall.
|
What changes would you make to Per-Pupil Funding spending?
Cut state’s General Fund share of per-pupil funding by 5%.
The state and local communities share responsibility for per-pupil funding. This option would cut the State’s General Fund portion (which is 64%) by 5%. Local school boards would determine how to make the cuts (e.g. eliminate athletic programs, larger class sizes or charge for transportation.)
Budgetary Effect: ($141,700,000.00)
| 26.03% |
Status quo: Maintain state's share of per-pupil funding at FY 2011-12 levels.
In FY 2011-12 the Department of Education’s General Fund budget of $2.8 billion reflected an 4.4% ($130 million) decrease compared to the prior year and a 12.5% decrease since FY 2009-10. This money is distributed to districts to pay teacher salaries, buy books and pay other operating expenses.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 33.01% |
Increase state’s share of per-pupil funding by 5%.
This option would increase funding to districts by 5%, and could be used to reduce class sizes, pay teachers more, and stem cuts to programs and services such as transportation and athletics.
Budgetary Effect: $141,700,000.00
| 30.17% |
Increase per-pupil funding to the national average.
Colorado ranks 48th in per-pupil spending. Colorado spends roughly $41 for every $1,000 of personal income, compared to the national average of $50.61. This option would increase funding to a level that would put Colorado in the middle of the pack nationally. In order to spend as much as the 25th state in the nation, Colorado would have to increase education spending by 40% over FY 2010-11 spending.
Due to the Gallagher Amendment, which limits increasing local property taxes to fund this increase, the state would need to pay for the entire increase.
Budgetary Effect: $1,770,000,000.00
| 7.08% |
|
|
What changes would you make to spending on Preschool Education?
Eliminate state funding for the Colorado Preschool Program.
This option would cut the state’s portion of funding for this program, leaving the burden to local school districts entirely or resulting in 12,902 kids out of 20,160 cut from the program statewide.
Budgetary Effect: ($41,700,000.00)
| 30.02% |
Status Quo: Maintain current levels of funding for 20,160 at-risk preschoolers.
The FY 2011-12 budget funds 20,160 slots for at-risk four-year-olds, which covers 64% of the total cost.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 35.83% |
Extend preschool to cover all 'at-risk' children in Colorado.
Not all 'at-risk' children in Colorado currently have access to the program. The percentage of students in grades 1-8 who are eligible for free or reduced lunch is used as a proxy for the percentage of at-risk preschoolers. In 2008‐09 this percentage was 39.9% of Colorado four-year-olds, compared to 28% of four-year-olds in the program. This is a gap of 11.9% or 8,641 children. This option would fill the remaining 8,641 slots.
Budgetary Effect: $27,900,000.00
| 19.14% |
Extend preschool to ALL Colorado kids.
Given that studies show preschooling improves overall scholastic performance over time, this option would cover with General Fund monies ALL of the state's four-year-old population (72,185 in 2008) through the Colorado Preschool Program.
Budgetary Effect: $168,200,000.00
| 15.01% |
|
|
What changes would you make to teacher salaries?
Eliminate automatic pay increases when teachers obtain a master's degree.
Teachers typically earn higher pay when they obtain a master's degree. Some research shows that there is not a correlation between a master’s degree and student achievement. Local school boards set employee pay scales and policies. However, the Legislature could consider imposing an effective statewide cap on the “masters bump”. An exception would be for master’s degrees in subjects directly relevant to that teacher’s classroom. This option may be challenged by local districts, given that they have the legal authority to set pay rates.
Budgetary Effect: ($137,600,000.00)
| 50.00% |
Status quo: Maintain local control of teacher salaries.
Budgetary Effect: $0.00
| 50.00% |
|
|
Other
Colorado’s General Fund includes additional spending categories for the Departments of Public Safety, Public Health and Environment, Judicial and Revenue, in addition to those funds exempt from the spending limit. Together these make up 9% of the General Fund. The Backseat Budgeter currently does not include any options on these items.
|